基礎(chǔ)篇——平衡閥介紹（中英文）
平衡閥控制和平衡流體系統(tǒng)（包括 HVAC 系統(tǒng)）中各個(gè)系統(tǒng)部分之間的流體流動(dòng)。它有助于保持整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的流速和壓力正常。平衡閥確保每個(gè)分支和電路都能得到所需的流量。正確的選擇和安裝對(duì)于正常運(yùn)行至關(guān)重要。它們平衡系統(tǒng)中的壓力，為結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)部提供所需的溫度。它跟大限度地降低了能源使用和維護(hù)成本。
平衡閥的功能是解決由系統(tǒng)內(nèi)管線長(zhǎng)度或壓力變化引起的流體流動(dòng)問(wèn)題。高度變化、機(jī)械損耗或系統(tǒng)不同部分或區(qū)域的不同需求都可能導(dǎo)致這些變化。
以下文章介紹了平衡閥的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。它介紹了平衡閥的工作原理、不同類型的平衡閥以及它們的通常使用方法。最后，它將解釋平衡閥的優(yōu)點(diǎn)、應(yīng)用和尺寸。
Balancing valves control and balance the fluid flow between various system sections in fluid systems, including HVAC systems. It helps keep the flow rates and pressures regular across the system. The balancing valve ensures that every branch and circuit gets what it needs. Correct selection and installation are vital for proper functioning. They balance the pressure in the system to provide the inside of the structure with the required temperature. It minimizes energy use and maintenance costs.
The function of a balancing valve is to fix any fluid flow problems caused by changes in line lengths or pressures within the system. Changes in elevations, mechanical losses, or different demands from different parts or zones of the system can all cause these changes.
The following article gives the basics of balance valves. It covers how it works, different types of balancing valves, and how they are usually used. In the end, it will explain the balancing valve’s advantages, applications, and size.
平衡閥如何工作？
HOW DOES A BALANCING VALVE WORK?
? 水力回路
Hydronic Circuits
HVAC 系統(tǒng)中液體的流動(dòng)不斷變化。它隨著建筑物條件的變化而變化。如果用戶正確構(gòu)建和設(shè)置 HVAC 系統(tǒng)，它們應(yīng)該能夠在用戶需要的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)為其提供所需的能量。
The flow of liquids in an HVAC system is constantly changing. It changed with changes in the building’s conditions. If user build and establish their HVAC systems correctly, they should be able to give users the correct energy when and where users need it.
? 不平衡系統(tǒng)
Unbalanced System
水會(huì)流向最順暢的地方。如果系統(tǒng)沒(méi)有調(diào)整，水可能會(huì)溢出或溢出。這可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致加熱或冷卻太少或太多。不同長(zhǎng)度的管道產(chǎn)生的“阻力”確保泵的房間獲得更少的水。隨著管道變長(zhǎng)、轉(zhuǎn)彎、變窄和重力，水頭損失會(huì)增加。
Water will flow where it gives it the least amount of trouble. If a system isn’t adjusted, it could underflow or overflow. This could cause too little or too much heating or cooling. The “resistances” by lines of different lengths ensure that rooms from the pump get less water. Head loss goes up as the pipe gets longer, turns, gets more narrow, and gravity.
? 平衡系統(tǒng)
Balanced System
平衡閥可為所有管線添加適當(dāng)程度的“阻力”。這可確保系統(tǒng)將正確的流量和溫度分配到所有末端。它始終考慮設(shè)施的當(dāng)前狀況。
Adding the right degree of “resistance” to all lines is done by balancing valves. This ensures the system distributes the correct flow and temperature to all ends. It is always taking into consideration the facility’s current conditions.
平衡閥的主要類型有哪些？
WHAT ARE THE MAIN TYPES OF BALANCING VALVE?
靜態(tài)平衡閥
STATIC BALANCING VALVES
靜態(tài)平衡閥也稱為數(shù)字鎖定平衡閥和手動(dòng)平衡閥。靜態(tài)平衡閥不易受系統(tǒng)壓力變化的影響。相反，靜態(tài)平衡閥是需要手動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)的調(diào)節(jié)閥。這決定了閥門上的壓力下降。有助于獲得與設(shè)計(jì)一致的流量值。它由測(cè)試和平衡評(píng)估員提供，他們測(cè)量壓力損失并計(jì)算流量。它有助于調(diào)整閥孔。在安裝前確定這些閥門的設(shè)置后，這些設(shè)置在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)安裝期間會(huì)進(jìn)行修改。系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行時(shí)，內(nèi)部閥門組件保持靜態(tài)。
這種手動(dòng)操作可在滿載條件（設(shè)計(jì)負(fù)載）下保持平衡系統(tǒng)。但是，在這種條件下，它只有 2% 到 3% 的時(shí)間運(yùn)行。但是，當(dāng)動(dòng)態(tài)稍微偏離時(shí)，系統(tǒng)就會(huì)變得不平衡。這種狀態(tài)會(huì)持續(xù)到系統(tǒng)重新評(píng)估和修改為止。
Static balancing valves are also called digital locking balancing valves and manual balancing valves. Static balancing valves are not susceptible to changes in system pressure. Instead, static balancing valves are modulating valves that require manual adjustment. This determines the pressure decrease across the valve. An assist in attaining flow values that align with the design. It is provided by a test and balance evaluator, who measures pressure loss and calculates flow. It helps to adjust valve holes. After determining the settings for these valves before installation, those settings are modified during field installation. Internal valve components remain static while the system is in operation.
This manual operation maintains a balanced system under full-load conditions (design load). However, it operates only 2% to 3% of the time under such conditions. However, the system becomes unbalanced when the dynamics deviate even slightly. This state persists until the system is reevaluated and modified.
靜態(tài)平衡閥的操作和安裝
Operation and Installation of Static Balancing Valve
靜態(tài)數(shù)字鎖定平衡閥由鎖定機(jī)構(gòu)、開度指示器和小型壓力測(cè)量閥組成，便于流量測(cè)量。一旦為每個(gè)分支和用戶入口安裝適當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)準(zhǔn)平衡閥，只需使用一次專門的智能設(shè)備即可解決問(wèn)題。鎖定后，系統(tǒng)的整體水量可以保持在可接受的范圍內(nèi)。因此，“流量大，溫差小”的問(wèn)題就解決了。
A static digital lock balance valve comprises a locking mechanism, an opening degree indicator, and a pressure measuring valve of a small design to facilitate flow measurement. Once the appropriate standard balance valve is installed for each branch and user inlet, only one use of a specialized smart device is required to correct the issue. After locking, the system’s overall water volume can be maintained within an acceptable range. Thus, the “l(fā)arge flow, small temperature difference” is overcome.
靜態(tài)平衡閥的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)
Main Advantage of Static Balancing Valves
環(huán)保：
Environmentally Friendly:
靜態(tài)平衡閥比自動(dòng)閥消耗更少的能源和不可再生資源。
Static balancing valves use less energy and less non-renewable resources than automated valves.
靈敏：
Sensitive:
靜態(tài)平衡閥可精確測(cè)量低流量。
Static balancing valves precisely measure low flow rates.
直觀：
Intuitive:
當(dāng)出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題時(shí)，維護(hù)靜態(tài)平衡閥比維護(hù)自動(dòng)閥更簡(jiǎn)單。
Maintaining a static balancing valve is simpler when an issue arises than an automatic valve.
經(jīng)濟(jì)高效：
Cost-effective:
靜態(tài)平衡閥比自動(dòng)閥消耗更少的能源，有助于降低能源成本。
By consuming less energy than automatic valves, static balancing valves help reduce energy costs.
固定孔平衡閥
FIXED-ORIFICE BALANCING VALVES
它有一個(gè)固定的孔口，就像文丘里插入件一樣，還有壓力/溫度端口。這些端口允許測(cè)量該孔口兩端的壓力差。由于在調(diào)節(jié)閥門時(shí)開口保持不變，因此通過(guò)測(cè)量端口兩端的壓力降，很容易確定系統(tǒng)的流量。在啟動(dòng)時(shí)，這種手動(dòng)平衡閥效果更好。
It has a set orifice, like a Venturi insert, and pressure/temperature ports. These ports allow you to measure the difference in pressure across this orifice. Since the opening stays fixed while the valves are being adjusted, it is easy to determine the system’s flow rate by measuring the pressure drop across the ports. When launching, this kind of hand balance valve works better.
優(yōu)點(diǎn)：
Advantages:
固定孔口設(shè)計(jì)比可變孔口設(shè)計(jì)更精確。它們也更容易設(shè)置，需要的連接更少，從而降低了安裝成本。
Fixed orifice designs are more accurate than variable orifice designs. They are also easier to set up and require fewer connections, which lowers the installation cost.
動(dòng)態(tài)平衡閥
AUTOMATIC BALANCING VALVES
動(dòng)態(tài)和壓力無(wú)關(guān)平衡閥是動(dòng)態(tài)平衡閥的替代名稱。這些閥門旨在通過(guò)維持恒定的流量來(lái)優(yōu)化系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行。然而，壓差會(huì)發(fā)生變化。這些閥門在可變負(fù)載條件下比靜態(tài)平衡閥發(fā)揮更大的作用。它們的內(nèi)部組件是可移動(dòng)的，以補(bǔ)償壓差的變化。
通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)閥門內(nèi)的系統(tǒng)壓力變化，動(dòng)態(tài)平衡閥在大多數(shù)負(fù)載條件下充當(dāng)壓差調(diào)節(jié)器。這使它們更加用戶友好。
Dynamic and pressure-independent balancing valves are alternative names for automatic balancing valves. These valves aim to optimize system operation by sustaining a constant flow rate. However, variations in differential pressure. These valves function more under variable load conditions than static balancing valves. Their internal components are mobile to compensate for changes in differential pressure.
By regulating variations in system pressure within the valve, automatic balancing valves function as pressure differential regulators under most load conditions. This makes them more user-friendly.
動(dòng)態(tài)平衡閥的優(yōu)點(diǎn)
Advantages of Automatic Balancing Valves
? 用戶友好：
User-friendly:
動(dòng)態(tài)平衡閥可自行調(diào)節(jié)，無(wú)需平衡能力或成本。
Automatic balancing valves self-adjust, eliminating the need for balancing capability or costs.
? 高效：
Efficient:
通過(guò)防止部分負(fù)荷下的過(guò)度抽水，自動(dòng)平衡閥可降低抽水成本。它可確保水流不間斷，從而提高鍋爐效率。
By preventing overpumping at part load, automatic balancing valves decrease pumping costs. It ensures uninterrupted water flow, which improves boiler efficiency.
? 持久安靜：
Long-lasting and quiet:
最大限度地減少水噪聲和侵蝕有助于延長(zhǎng)系統(tǒng)的使用壽命。
Minimizing water noise and erosion contributes to the system’s longevity.
? 省時(shí)：
Time-efficient:
由于閥門自動(dòng)平衡，因此無(wú)需人工幫助。在系統(tǒng)內(nèi)重新配置終端單元時(shí)，需要重新平衡系統(tǒng)。
Since the valves balance automatically, there is no need for manual help. System rebalance is required when terminal units are reconfigured within the system.
壓力獨(dú)立型流量控制閥
PRESSURE-INDEPENDENT FLOW CONTROL VALVES
帶有壓力無(wú)關(guān)流量控制閥的一體式設(shè)備可執(zhí)行平衡閥、控制閥和壓差調(diào)節(jié)器的工作。它們具有適應(yīng)系統(tǒng)壓力變化的壓差調(diào)節(jié)器。這可保持加熱或冷卻部分的流量穩(wěn)定，以滿足不同的溫度需求。壓力無(wú)關(guān)控制閥可與電機(jī)配對(duì)，使用戶可以從遠(yuǎn)處控制流量。
All-in-one devices with pressure-independent flow control valves perform the work of balance valves, control valves, and differential pressure regulators. They have differential pressure regulators that adapt to changes in system pressure. This keeps the flow steady in the heating or cooling parts to meet different temperature needs. Pressure-independent control valves can be paired with motors that allow you to control the flow from a distance.
靜態(tài)平衡閥與動(dòng)態(tài)平衡閥的應(yīng)用
APPLICATIONS OF STATIC BALANCING VALVES VS. AUTOMATIC BALANCING VALVES
動(dòng)態(tài)和靜態(tài)平衡閥在許多用途上都有優(yōu)勢(shì)。取決于給定系統(tǒng)的具體需求。
Automatic and static balancing valves are advantages in many uses. Contingent upon the specific demands of the given system.
? 靜態(tài)平衡閥在家用熱水循環(huán)管線中的應(yīng)用：
Applications for Static Balancing Valves For Domestic Hot Water Recirculation Lines:
靜態(tài)平衡閥可以有效調(diào)節(jié)管道系統(tǒng)中的水流量。
Static balancing valves can effectively regulate water flow through a plumbing system.
? 發(fā)電系統(tǒng)：
Power Generation Systems:
靜態(tài)平衡閥與變速流量兼容。它控制發(fā)電系統(tǒng)中的系統(tǒng)。
Static balancing valves are compatible with variable speed flow. It controls systems in power generation systems.
? HVAC 系統(tǒng)：
HVAC Systems:
靜態(tài)閥在流量經(jīng)常較低的設(shè)施中表現(xiàn)良好。
Static valves perform well in facilities with frequent low flow rates.
? 動(dòng)態(tài)平衡閥風(fēng)機(jī)盤管機(jī)組的應(yīng)用：
Applications for Automatic Balancing Valves Fan Coil Units:
動(dòng)態(tài)平衡閥是更有效的調(diào)節(jié)風(fēng)機(jī)盤管機(jī)組。
Automatic balancing valves are more effective regulated fan coil units.
HVAC 系統(tǒng)：
HVAC System:
動(dòng)態(tài)平衡閥在 HVAC 系統(tǒng)中特別有效。它要求整個(gè)設(shè)施內(nèi)有均勻的空氣通道。
Automatic balancing valves are particularly effective in HVAC systems. It requires a uniform air passage throughout the facility.
平衡閥的應(yīng)用
APPLICATIONS OF BALANCING VALVES
平衡閥通常用于水力平衡。該過(guò)程可優(yōu)化水力加熱系統(tǒng)中的水分配。它是一種平衡流體壓力的冷卻系統(tǒng)。最終，平衡閥通過(guò)在這些系統(tǒng)中實(shí)現(xiàn)平衡來(lái)確保以下幾點(diǎn)：
? 降低運(yùn)營(yíng)成本
? 達(dá)到并保持正確的溫度水平
? 優(yōu)化能源使用
Balancing valves are typically used for hydronic balancing. This process optimizes water distribution within a hydronic heating. It is a cooling system that balances fluid pressure. Ultimately, balancing valves assure the following by attaining equilibrium within these systems:
? Operating costs are lowered
? Correct temperature levels are reached and maintained
? Optimization of energy used
平衡閥在水力系統(tǒng)中的使用：
USE OF BALANCING VALVES IN HYDRONIC SYSTEMS:
平衡閥的安裝和操作是水暖系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)。水暖系統(tǒng)使用水作為加熱和冷卻的介質(zhì)?？紤]將補(bǔ)償閥應(yīng)用于水暖系統(tǒng)。
The installation and operation of balancing valves are fundamental to hydronic systems. Hydronic systems use water as the medium for both heating and chilling. Consider the application of compensating valves to hydronic systems.
? 地板采暖：
In-floor Heating:
在地板采暖中，平衡閥起著至關(guān)重要的作用。它們調(diào)節(jié)熱水通過(guò)地板管道的通道。平衡閥有助于整個(gè)地板均勻分布熱量。整個(gè)房間都被加熱。
In subfloor heating, balancing valves play a critical role. They regulate the passage of hot water through subfloor pipelines. Balancing valves help in the uniform distribution of heat throughout the floor. The entire chamber is heated.
? 散熱器：
Radiators:
在水暖系統(tǒng)中，平衡閥被視為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)備。它們調(diào)節(jié)熱水向散熱器的排放。它們確保為每個(gè)散熱器提供足夠的熱水。它促進(jìn)了系統(tǒng)的加熱過(guò)程。平衡閥確保熱量分布在整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中。它確保某些區(qū)域保持涼爽的溫度，而其他區(qū)域則不會(huì)過(guò)熱。
In hydronic systems, balancing valves are considered standard equipment. They regulate the discharge of hot water to radiators. They ensure the provision of adequate hot water to each radiator. It facilitates the system’s heating process. Balancing valves ensures that heat is distributed throughout the structure. It ensures certain areas maintain a cool temperature while others are prevented from overheating.
? 空氣處理機(jī)組：
Air Handling Units:
這些機(jī)組需要在較大的建筑物中輸送經(jīng)過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)的空氣。這些機(jī)組配有平衡閥，可維持熱水或冷水的流動(dòng)。它們會(huì)影響溫度和蒸汽。平衡閥有助于保持平衡的環(huán)境。
These units are required to convey conditioned air in larger structures. These units are equipped with balancing valves that maintain the flow of hot or cold water. They have an impact on the temperature and vapor. Balancing valves contribute to the preservation of a balanced environment.
? 風(fēng)機(jī)盤管機(jī)組：
Fan Coil Units:
風(fēng)機(jī)盤管機(jī)組是水暖系統(tǒng)的冷卻和加熱設(shè)備。平衡閥調(diào)節(jié)這些機(jī)組的平衡供水。平衡閥的作用是確保每個(gè)機(jī)組都有理想的溫度。它可以優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)中的各個(gè)區(qū)域或空間。
Fan coil units are cooling & heating devices for hydronic systems. Balanced water supply is regulated by balancing valves to these units. Balancing valves function to ensure that each unit has the ideal temperature. It optimizes various zones or spaces within a design.
? 熱交換器：
Heat Exchangers:
通過(guò)使用熱交換器，一種液體被轉(zhuǎn)換成另一種液體。平衡閥通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)流向熱交換器的流體來(lái)發(fā)揮作用。它促進(jìn)有效的熱傳遞。平衡閥確保熱能的適當(dāng)循環(huán)。它優(yōu)化了系統(tǒng)的性能。
Through the use of heat exchangers, one liquid is converted to another. Balancing valves function by regulating the flow of fluids to the heat exchangers. It facilitates effective thermal transfer. Balancing valves ensures the proper circulation of thermal energy. It optimizes the performance of the system.
? 冷梁
Chilled Beams
墻壁或天花板配備有用于冷卻水暖系統(tǒng)的冷梁。平衡閥控制冷水流向這些梁的通道。它提供精確且有效的冷卻。使用平衡閥可防止冷卻不足或過(guò)度。它確保整個(gè)區(qū)域的溫度保持最佳狀態(tài)。
Walls or ceilings are outfitted with chilled beams used to cool hydronic systems. Balance valves control the passage of chilled water to these beams. It provides precise cooling that is effective. The use of balancing valves prevents inadequate or excessive cooling. It ensures that the temperature remains optimal for the entire area.
? 平衡閥的尺寸
Sizes of Balancing Valves
市場(chǎng)上的平衡閥尺寸多種多樣。從家用到工業(yè)應(yīng)用，應(yīng)有盡有。通常，1/2 英寸到 12 英寸是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)尺寸。對(duì)于特定的工業(yè)應(yīng)用，可提供更大的尺寸。通常，管道直徑?jīng)Q定了系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的閥門尺寸。
在確定合適的平衡閥尺寸時(shí)，必須考慮系統(tǒng)的管道配置和所需的流量。選擇大或小的閥門會(huì)影響系統(tǒng)的平衡和效率。
There are many dimensions of balancing valves on the market. It ranges from those designed for domestic use to those intended for industrial applications. At the same time, 1/2-inch to 12-inch is the typical range. Larger dimensions are available for particular industrial applications. Typically, the pipe diameter dictates the valve size within the system.
When determining the suit balancing valve size, it is vital to consider the system’s pipe configuration and the required flow rate. Choosing a valve that is large or small can have an impact on the system’s balance and efficacy.
結(jié)論
CONCLUSION
對(duì)于商業(yè)建筑或工業(yè)公司，請(qǐng)使用有效的 HVAC 系統(tǒng)。它們必須有平衡閥。平衡閥會(huì)帶來(lái)一些成本和問(wèn)題，但它們的優(yōu)點(diǎn)多于缺點(diǎn)。安裝它們可以減少能源消耗。此外，它還可以延長(zhǎng) HVAC 部件的使用壽命。它允許人們控制溫度并降低系統(tǒng)噪音。但請(qǐng)記住，平衡閥需要定期維護(hù)。它僅限于在您的控制下完成。當(dāng)檢查和維護(hù)此閥門時(shí)，平衡閥可使任何 HVAC 系統(tǒng)保持可靠。
For commercial buildings or industrial companies, use an effective HVAC system. They must have balancing valves. Some costs and issues come with balance valves, but their pros are more than cons. Installing them reduces energy use. Moreover, it makes HVAC parts last longer. It allows people to control their temperatures and lower system noise. But remember that balance valves need to be maintained regularly. It is limited to complete under your control. When this valve is checked and kept, balancing valves keep any HVAC system reliable.
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