液壓泵發(fā)出異常噪音的原因分析（中英文）
每個人都喜歡安靜的泵——它只是在工作，不會經(jīng)常發(fā)生故障。雖然噪音大的泵通常歸因于氣蝕，但并非所有異常噪音都表明泵存在此問題。軸承故障、流動湍流、再循環(huán)，甚至機器的機械或電氣幾何形狀都會產(chǎn)生噪音。
說到液壓泵，了解不同噪音的含義是有益的。通過練習，可以學會區(qū)分正常的運行聲音和故障跡象。
液壓泵噪音過大或不穩(wěn)定是故障的征兆，如果不迅速正確地處理，可能會導致?lián)p壞或加速磨損。雖然聽到泵發(fā)出奇怪的聲音總是令人擔憂，但確定哪些噪音與不同的故障有關(guān)可以表明問題的根源，并提供機會在發(fā)生重大損壞之前修復設備。
Everybody likes a quiet pump – it just does its job and doesn’t break down often. Although a noisy pump is often attributed to cavitation, not every abnormal noise suggests a pump is suffering from this problem. Failing bearings, flow turbulence, recirculation, and even a machine’s mechanical or electrical geometry can generate noise.
When it comes to hydraulic pumps, it pays to know what different noises mean. With practice you can learn to distinguish between the normal operating sounds and the signs that something is wrong.
Excessive or erratic hydraulic pump noise is a symptom of malfunction that could cause damage or accelerated wear if not addressed quickly and correctly. While it’s always alarming to hear strange noises emitted from your pump, determining which noises are related to different faults can indicate the root of your problem and provide the opportunity to repair the equipment before major damage occurs.
1. 曝氣/Aeration
當空氣污染液壓油時就會發(fā)生曝氣。液壓油中的空氣在系統(tǒng)中循環(huán)，壓縮和減壓時會發(fā)出令人震驚的撞擊聲或敲擊聲?？諝庑孤┮鸬膯鑶杪曨愃朴跉馕g，但由于液壓系統(tǒng)中空氣分布不均勻，其性質(zhì)更加不穩(wěn)定。
空氣通常通過泵的入口進入液壓系統(tǒng)。因此，確保泵進氣管路狀況良好并且所有夾具和配件都擰緊非常重要。還可以檢查儲液罐中的液位，如果液位低，請將其加注到正確液位。在某些系統(tǒng)中，空氣可以通過泵的軸封進入泵，因此還建議檢查泵軸封的狀況。
Aeration occurs when air contaminates the hydraulic fluid. Air in the hydraulic fluid makes an alarming banging or knocking noise when it compresses and decompresses, as it circulates through the system. The whining noise caused by air leaks is similar to cavitation, but is more erratic in nature due to the uneven distribution of the air in the hydraulic system.
Air usually enters the hydraulic system through the pump’s inlet. For this reason, it is important to make sure pump intake lines are in good condition and all clamps and fittings are tight. You could also check the fluid level in the reservoir, and if low fill to the correct level. In some systems air can enter the pump through its shaft seal, so checking the condition of the pump shaft seal would also be recommended.
2. 氣蝕/Cavitation
巨大的嗚嗚聲或刺耳噪音（或在極端條件下發(fā)出劇烈的咔噠聲）可能表明存在氣蝕。氣蝕會導致金屬部件腐蝕。系統(tǒng)中產(chǎn)生的金屬碎片會加速下游部件的磨損。在某些情況下，氣蝕會導致不同部件的機械故障。
當液壓油需求未得到滿足時，就會發(fā)生氣蝕。雖然氣蝕可能發(fā)生在液壓回路的任何地方，但它通常發(fā)生在泵上?？赡馨l(fā)生氣蝕的其他區(qū)域包括流體管路堵塞、流體過濾器堵塞、油粘度過高和泵轉(zhuǎn)速過高。
A loud whining or screeching noise (or, in extreme conditions, a severe rattling sound) can be indicative of cavitation. Cavitation results in the erosion of metal components. The resulting metal debris in the system accelerates the wear of components located down the stream. In some cases, cavitation can lead to mechanical failure of different components.
Cavitation occurs when demand for hydraulic fluid is not being met. While cavitation can occur just about anywhere within a hydraulic circuit, it commonly occurs at the pump. Other areas where cavitation may occur include fluid line blockages, blocked fluid filters, overly high oil viscosity and excessive pump rotation speed.
3. 泄壓閥設置/Relief valve settings
嘯叫聲或不規(guī)則的嘶嘶聲通常表明泄壓閥調(diào)節(jié)不當或卡在打開狀態(tài)。好的經(jīng)驗法則是，如果聲音不對，那很可能就是有問題。執(zhí)行器猛擊、失速和過熱是這些閥門出現(xiàn)問題的早期癥狀。
A whistling sound or erratic hissing often suggests that a relief valve is improperly adjusted or stuck open. A good rule of thumb is if it doesn't sound right, it probably isn't. Slamming of actuators, stalls and excessive heat generation are the early symptoms of problems with these valves.
4. 方向閥閥芯移位/Directional valves spool shift
在大多數(shù)情況下，方向閥在非常安靜的機器上只會發(fā)出微弱的“咔嗒”聲。如果能聽到方向閥閥芯移位的聲音，則很可能存在問題。
如果兩級方向閥上的先導阻風門調(diào)節(jié)不當，則在移位時會發(fā)出砰砰的聲音。閥芯很容易損壞，閥芯的突然移動會在整個機器中引起震動，這意味著系統(tǒng)的薄弱點將受到影響。在這種情況下，需要調(diào)節(jié)先導阻風門，以使閥芯平穩(wěn)移位并延長部件的使用壽命。
For the most part, directional valves should create no more than a faint "click" on very quiet machines. If you can hear a directional valve spool shift, chances are there could be a problem.
If the pilot chokes are improperly adjusted on a two-stage directional valve, it will audibly slam when it shifts. The spool can easily be damaged, and sudden movement of the valve spool causes shock throughout the machine, meaning the weaker points of the system will suffer. In this instance the pilot choke will need to be adjusted for smooth shifting of the spool and improved component longevity.
5. 氣缸卡住或打滑/Cylinders binding or slipping
同樣，氣缸也應幾乎沒有噪音地移動。如果氣缸發(fā)出噪音，則可能是卡住或打滑。彎曲的連桿會磨損密封件，而打滑會降低機器的性能，將磨損的密封件中的污染物傳送到其他部件。應盡快檢查有噪音的氣缸。
Likewise, cylinders should also move with almost no noise. If a cylinder is creating noise, it may be binding or slipping. A bent rod will wear seals and slippage degrades the performance of the machine, sending contaminants from the resulting worn out seals to other components. A noisy cylinder should be investigated as soon as possible.
6. 其他機械故障/Other mechanical malfunctions:
研磨聲、呼呼聲、轟鳴聲、咔噠聲或一般的噪音都表明存在某種機械故障。特別是，研磨、刮擦或粗糙運行表明內(nèi)部磨損嚴重。
在這種情況下，應由經(jīng)過培訓的技術(shù)人員拆卸、檢查和檢修泵。可以更換磨損的部件，在某些情況下，還可以進行機械加工以恢復泵表面。
Grinding sounds, whirring, roaring, rattling or general noisy operation all suggest some type of mechanical malfunction. In particular, grinding, scraping or rough running is an indication of serious internal wear.
In such cases, the pump should be disassembled, inspected and overhauled by a trained technician. Worn components may be replaced, and in some instances, machining work performed to restore the pump surfaces.
僅憑聲音就足以排除故障嗎？
Is sound alone enough to troubleshoot?
噪音問題只是表明液壓設備可能出現(xiàn)故障的一個跡象。還有其他幾種必要的故障排除方法來確定泵的問題所在，包括監(jiān)測熱量問題、壓力問題和流量問題。
雖然僅憑聲音無法診斷機器的問題，但聆聽機器發(fā)出的聲音可以帶來巨大的回報，因為它可以在問題導致昂貴的組件故障和液壓設備意外停機之前盡早發(fā)現(xiàn)問題。
Noise issues provide just one indication of what might be wrong with your hydraulic equipment. There are several other troubleshooting methods necessary to identify what is wrong with your pump, including monitoring for heat problems, pressure problems and flow problems.
While sound alone will not diagnose the problem with your machine, listening to the sounds it makes can pay off in large dividends by catching problems early before they lead to costly component failures and unscheduled downtime of hydraulic equipment.
聲明：
- 文章轉(zhuǎn)載自網(wǎng)絡，由愛澤工業(yè)翻譯，如有侵權(quán)，請聯(lián)系刪除！
- 如有偏頗，歡迎指正！
