NEMA及IEC標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下的電機(jī)銘牌識(shí)別（連載一）
電機(jī)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可分為兩大類：NEMA 和 IEC（及其衍生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）。在北美，美國(guó)國(guó)家電氣制造商協(xié)會(huì) (NEMA) 負(fù)責(zé)制定電機(jī)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，包括銘牌上的標(biāo)注內(nèi)容（NEMA 標(biāo)準(zhǔn) MG 1-10.40）。在世界其他大部分地區(qū)，國(guó)際電工委員會(huì) (IEC) 負(fù)責(zé)制定電機(jī)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，或者至少許多國(guó)家的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與 IEC 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)非常接近。例如，德國(guó)的 VDE 0530 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和英國(guó)的 BS 2613 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與 IEC 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)非常接近，只有少數(shù)例外。
The motor standards can be grouped into two major categories: NEMA and IEC (and its derivatives). In North America, the National Electric Manufacturers Association (NEMA) sets motor standards, including what should go on the nameplate (NEMA Standard MG 1-10.40). In most of the rest of the world, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) sets the standards or at least many countries base their standards very closely on the IEC standards For example, Germany's VDE 0530 standard and Great Britain's BS 2613 Standard are close to IEC with minor exceptions.
美國(guó)國(guó)家電氣制造商協(xié)會(huì) (NEMA) 規(guī)定，每塊電機(jī)銘牌上都必須標(biāo)明以下具體信息：
1) 制造商類型
2) 額定電壓和滿載電流
3) 額定頻率和相數(shù)
4) 額定滿載轉(zhuǎn)速
5) 額定溫升或絕緣系統(tǒng)等級(jí)
6) 時(shí)間評(píng)級(jí)
7) 額定馬力
8) 堵轉(zhuǎn)指示代碼字母
9) 使用系數(shù)
10) 效率
11) 框架尺寸
12) 設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范
The National Electrical Manufacturer's Association (NEMA) specifies that every motor nameplate must show these specific items:
1) Manufacturer's type
2) Rated volts and full load amps
3) Rated frequency & number of phases
4) Rated full load speed
5) Rated temperature rise or the insulation system class
6) Time rating
7) Rated horsepower
8) Locked rotor indicating code letter
9) Service Factor
10) Efficiency
11) Frame Size
12) Design Code
電機(jī)銘牌信息
MOTOR NAMEPLATE INFORMATION
行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
Industry Standards
當(dāng)今許多電機(jī)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)都是由一些組織制定的，例如美國(guó)國(guó)家電氣制造商協(xié)會(huì) (NEMA)，該協(xié)會(huì)主要負(fù)責(zé)北美電機(jī)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作。這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)代表了行業(yè)慣例，并得到了電機(jī)制造商的支持。這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可在 NEMA 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)出版物 No. MG-1 中找到。
電氣和電子工程師協(xié)會(huì) (IEEE) 是另一個(gè)為電機(jī)行業(yè)制定電氣標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和推薦規(guī)范的機(jī)構(gòu)。此外，國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也存在，例如國(guó)際電工委員會(huì) (IEC)、加拿大標(biāo)準(zhǔn)協(xié)會(huì) (CSA)、日本標(biāo)準(zhǔn) (JEC)、英國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn) (BS) 等組織，以及每個(gè)國(guó)家/地區(qū)至少有一個(gè)組織制定了國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
IEC 是負(fù)責(zé)歐洲共同體電機(jī)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的組織。這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與 NEMA 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不同，可在 IEC 34-1-16 中找到。這些電機(jī)被稱為 IEC 電機(jī)。
美國(guó)保險(xiǎn)商實(shí)驗(yàn)室 (UL) 是一家獨(dú)立的測(cè)試機(jī)構(gòu)，負(fù)責(zé)制定電機(jī)和其他電氣設(shè)備的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。國(guó)家消防協(xié)會(huì) (NEMA) 是國(guó)家電氣規(guī)范 (NEC) 的發(fā)起機(jī)構(gòu)，其標(biāo)準(zhǔn)被保險(xiǎn)檢查員和許多政府機(jī)構(gòu)用于監(jiān)管建筑規(guī)范。需要注意的是，NEMA 和 IEC 都不是測(cè)試機(jī)構(gòu)；它們是制定行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的組織。
Many of today’s motor standards have been established through organizations such as the National Electrical Manufacturers’ Association (NEMA), which is primarily associated with motors used in North America. The standards developed represent general industry practices and are supported by the motor manufacturers. These standards can be found in NEMA Standard Publication No# MG-1.
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, IEEE, is another agency that has established electrical standards and recommended practices for the motor industry. International standards exist as well, with organizations such as the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), the Canadian Standards Association (CSA), the Japanese Standards (JEC), the British Standards (BS) and at least one organization for each country that exists.
IEC is the organization responsible for motor standards in the European community. These standards differ from NEMA standards and can be found in IEC 34-1-16. These motors are referred to as IEC motors.
Underwriters’ Laboratories (UL) is an independent testing organization that sets standards for motors and other electrical equipment. The National Fire Protection Association, which sponsors the National Electrical Code (NEC), is used by insurance inspectors and many government bodies regulating building codes. Note that neither NEMA nor IEC are testing agencies; they are organizations that establish industry standards.
銘牌信息
NAMEPLATE DATA
確保電機(jī)可互換的關(guān)鍵在于確保不同制造商的銘牌信息通用。電機(jī)銘牌上的通用語(yǔ)言使安裝和維護(hù)人員能夠在新安裝或更換過(guò)程中快速理解和準(zhǔn)確識(shí)別他們所處理的電機(jī)類型。根據(jù)美國(guó)國(guó)家電氣規(guī)范 (NEC) 的基本要求，電機(jī)銘牌必須顯示以下信息：
? 額定電壓
? 各電壓等級(jí)的額定滿載電流
? 頻率
? 相位
? 額定滿載轉(zhuǎn)速
? 絕緣等級(jí)和額定環(huán)境溫度
? 額定馬力
? 時(shí)間額定值
? 堵轉(zhuǎn)代碼字母
? 制造商名稱和地址
大多數(shù)銘牌上通常還會(huì)顯示其他信息。這些信息可能包括電機(jī)的使用系數(shù)、機(jī)殼類型、機(jī)座號(hào)、接線圖以及獨(dú)特或特殊的功能。要基本理解標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的含義并掌握標(biāo)準(zhǔn)感應(yīng)電機(jī)的一些基本知識(shí)，最好的方法是仔細(xì)研究典型電機(jī)上的銘牌信息。
A critical part of making motors interchangeable is ensuring that nameplate information is common among manufacturers. The common language of the motor nameplate enables installation and maintenance personnel to quickly understand and recognize exactly what type of motor they're dealing with during a new installation or replacement procedure. As a basic requirement of the National Electrical Code (NEC), the motor nameplate must show the following information:
? Rated voltage or voltages
? Rated full-load amps for each voltage level
? Frequency
? Phase
? Rated full-load speed
? Insulation class and rated ambient temperature
? Rated horsepower
? Time rating
? Locked-rotor code letter
? Manufacturer's name and address
Additional information will normally appear on most nameplates as well. This information might include the motor service factor, enclosure type, the frame size, connection diagrams and unique or special features. The best way to approach a basic understanding of what standardization means and to cover some of the material fundamental to standard induction motors is to examine in detail the nameplate information contained on a typical motor.
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