警告信號的類型——視覺VS聽覺
警告信號的類型 – 視覺
Types of Warning Signals – Visual
旋轉(zhuǎn)信標(biāo)
Rotating Beacons
拋物面反射器由電動機驅(qū)動，圍繞信標(biāo)垂直軸上的連續(xù)照明燈泡旋轉(zhuǎn)，形成 360 度的強大光束。
這些裝置配有燈絲或鹵鎢燈泡。一般來說，這種類型的信標(biāo)的光輸出程度高于其他型號，但由于拋物面反射器每次只照亮一個給定點，因此光輸出會減少。
A parabolic reflector, driven by an electric motor, revolves around a continuously illuminated bulb on the vertical axis of the beacon creating a powerful beam of light travelling through 360 degrees.
These units are available with either a filament or a tungsten halogen bulb. In general, this type of beacon has a greater degree of light output than other models but this is reduced as the parabolic reflector only illuminates one given point at a time.
LED 信標(biāo)
LED Beacons
發(fā)光二極管 (LED) 是一種半導(dǎo)體器件，當(dāng)電流通過時會發(fā)出可見光。LED 技術(shù)融入警示信標(biāo)的四大優(yōu)勢是：
? 低功率要求
? 高效率
? 超長壽命
? 單個信標(biāo)外殼內(nèi)有多種顏色信號選項。
它們可以設(shè)置為各種操作模式，包括閃爍、靜態(tài)和旋轉(zhuǎn)。一些信標(biāo)具有聲音和視覺組合選項。
A light emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits visible light when an electrical current passes through it. The four major benefits of LED technology incorporated into warning beacons are:
? Low power requirement
? High efficiency
? Very Long Life
? Multiple colour signal options in a single beacon enclosure.
They can be set in various modes of operation from Flashing, Static and Rotating. Some beacons have a combined Audible & Visual option.
氙氣（頻閃）信標(biāo)
Xenon (Strobe) Beacons
通過轉(zhuǎn)換電路工作的放電電容器點燃管內(nèi)的氙氣，產(chǎn)生耀眼的閃光。氙氣幾乎瞬間點燃，因此可立即獲得最大亮度。如前所述，通過使用屈光（Fresnel）透鏡，可以進一步改善信號。還提供“雙閃光”選項，這可以延長信號持續(xù)時間，使其更容易被人眼注意到。
氙氣具有低電流消耗和長壽命的額外優(yōu)勢。氙氣信標(biāo)的管壽命約為 500 萬次閃光。這些裝置是目前很高效的裝置，結(jié)合了 360 度光輸出和更明亮、更有效的視覺信號。
A discharge capacitor operating through a converter circuit ignites xenon gas inside a tube creating a brilliant flash of light. Xenon gas ignites virtually instantaneously so maximum brightness is obtained immediately. This signal can be improved further by the use of a Dioptric (Fresnel) lens as described earlier. In some models a ‘Double Flash’ option is also available this extends the signal duration making it more noticeable to the human eye.
Xenons have an added advantage of low current consumption combined with long life. The tube life of a xenon beacon is approximately 5 million flashes. These units are the most efficient available incorporating a 360 degree light output with the brightest and most effective visual signal.
亮度等級
Levels of Brightness
亮度取決于所選信標(biāo)的類型、單位的額定功率輸出（即瓦特和焦耳）、信號觀測距離以及所用信標(biāo)的圓頂顏色。一般來說，如果觀測距離加倍，觀測到的光強度會降低到四分之一，如果距離增加四倍，觀測到的光強度會降低到十六分之一。
Brightness depends upon the type of beacon chosen, the rated power output of the unit i.e. Watts and Joules, the distance that the signal is observed from and the dome colour of the beacon used. In general, if the viewing distance is doubled, the light intensity observed is reduced to a quarter and if the distance is quadrupled the light intensity is reduced to a sixteenth.
有效坎德拉
Effective Candela
有效坎德拉是光源亮度的測量單位，它考慮了人眼對不同波長光的敏感度。因此，它比峰值或流明坎德拉更準(zhǔn)確地測量了光源的實際感知亮度，因為峰值或流明坎德拉不反映這種敏感度。
使用有效坎德拉測量光輸出是信標(biāo)最合適的單位，因為它可以最準(zhǔn)確地表示設(shè)備發(fā)出的光。這對于信標(biāo)可見度至關(guān)重要的應(yīng)用（例如緊急情況或工業(yè)應(yīng)用）非常重要。
The effective candela is a measure of the brightness of a source of light that considers the sensitivity of the human eye to different wavelengths of light. It is therefore a more accurate measure of the actual perceived brightness of a light source than the peak or lumens candela, which do not reflect this sensitivity.
Using effective candela to measure light output is the most appropriate unit for beacons as it provides the most accurate representation of the light emitted by the device. This is important for applications where the visibility of the beacon is critical, such as in emergency situations or industrial applications.
信標(biāo)透鏡顏色
Beacon Lens Colours
光線穿過信標(biāo)圓頂時，其強度會大大降低。降低的程度取決于：
? 所用光源的類型，即傳統(tǒng)白熾燈、鎢鹵素?zé)?、氙氣燈?LED。
? 所用信標(biāo)透鏡的顏色。
The intensity of the light can be greatly reduced as it passes through the dome of the beacon. The extent of this reduction is dependent upon:
? The type of light source used i.e. conventional Filament (Incandescent) Bulb, Tungsten Halogen Bulb, Xenon Tube or LED.
? The colour of the beacon lens that is used.
可供選擇的鏡片顏色如下表所示：
Lens colours available are shown in the below table:
下表給出了不同光源和燈罩顏色穿過燈罩的光的百分比。
The next table gives an indication of the percentage of light that will pass through the beacon dome for different light sources and dome colours.
圓頂?shù)念伾蛴^察者傳達不同的信息：
Dome colours convey different messages to the observer:
警告信號類型 – 聲音
Types of Warning Signals – Audible
氣喇叭
Air Horns
氣喇叭是非電氣設(shè)備，僅通過壓縮空氣供應(yīng)運行。它們提供非常高的 dB 輸出和非常低的頻率聲音，非常適合非常嘈雜的環(huán)境。由于是非電氣設(shè)備，因此它們可用于危險區(qū)域 1 類用途。
Air horns are non-electrical devices that only operate from a compressed air supply. They offer very high dB output with very low frequency sound making them ideal for very noisy environments. Being non-electrical they can be used in hazardous area Category 1 use.
電子發(fā)聲器
Electronic Sounders
電子發(fā)聲器是當(dāng)今市場上用途最廣泛的聲音警告設(shè)備。
此類產(chǎn)品具有多種音調(diào)和分貝選擇，可滿足大多數(shù)應(yīng)用需求，并具有遠程音調(diào)選擇和語音激活的額外優(yōu)勢。
The Electronic Sounders are now the most versatile audible warning devices on the market today.
With multiple tone & decibel selections these type of products will satisfy most applications with the added benefit of remote tone selection & voice activation.
鈴鐺
Bells
鈴鐺是一種經(jīng)濟實惠的傳統(tǒng)信號裝置，具有廣泛的信號應(yīng)用。它們提供中等 dB 輸出和獨特的聲音。有兩種類型：電磁驅(qū)動，適用于日常不斷使用的工業(yè)應(yīng)用；電機驅(qū)動，更適合火災(zāi)報警應(yīng)用。
Bells are a cost effective traditional signalling device with a wide range of signalling applications. They offer medium dB output with a unique sound. There're two types: solenoid driven for industrial applications where they are under constant daily use, and a motor driven type more suitable for fire alarm applications.
警報器
Sirens
警報器是由強大的馬達驅(qū)動的信號，通過開槽蓋驅(qū)動內(nèi)部葉輪，產(chǎn)生獨特的穿透性聲音，傳統(tǒng)上用于發(fā)出“空襲”警告信號。
Sirens are powerful motor driven signals driving an internal impeller through a slotted cover creating a unique penetrating sound, traditionally recognisable for creating the ‘a(chǎn)ir raid’ warning signal.
蜂鳴器
Buzzers
機電類型，其中振膜由移動磁鐵偏轉(zhuǎn)，該磁鐵由壓電類型的通斷接觸觸發(fā)，其中振膜由電子電路控制。機械蜂鳴器提供中/高 dB 輸出，聲音頻率低，結(jié)構(gòu)堅固。
壓電蜂鳴器 dB 相對較低，頻率較高，僅適用于本地信號應(yīng)用。
Either Electro Mechanical type where the diaphragm is deflected by a moving magnet which is triggered by a make and break contact of the Piezo type where the diaphragm is controlled by an electronic circuit. The Mechanical versions offer medium/high dB output with low frequency sound and are of robust construction.
Piezo versions are relatively low dB and high frequency and are only suitable for local signalling applications.
注意：此圖表顯示了在開放區(qū)域內(nèi)無障礙物的完美條件下的理論衰減。此外，所用信號的聲音頻率將對任何給定點的分貝讀數(shù)產(chǎn)生明顯影響。與高得多的聲音頻率（例如 -3dB）相比，低得多的聲音頻率將在較長距離內(nèi)實現(xiàn)更高的 dB 等級（例如，相對于此表 +3dB）。
Note: This chart displays the theoretical attenuation in perfect conditions in an open area without obstruction. In addition, the sound frequency of the signal used will have a marked effect on the decibel reading at any given point. A much lower sound frequency will achieve a higher dB rating over longer distances (say +3dB against this table) than a much higher sound frequency (say -3dB).
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